The utilization of underbalanced drilling technology may. An unexpected source of potential formation damage can be generated when controlled debris perforating systems are detonated in clear completion brines. Air pollution is an undesirable change in the physical, chemical or biological characteristics of air. An experimental investigation of formation damage caused. First, solid particles from the drilling fluid physically plug or bridge across flowpaths in the porous formation. The major effect from acute shortterm inhalation exposure to chloroform is central. Formation damage 2 usc pte555 2012 formation damage 2 skin. Rockfluid reaction can occur from any of the following operations. Formation damage due to fines migration and its remedial.
Formation damage seems to be inevitable and it is costing your company money. Mobilization of fines can severely damage a wells productivity and is one of the most costly sources of well damage identified to date. Bennion,1999 described formation damage as, the impairment of the invisible, by the inevitable and uncontrollable, resulting in an indeterminate reduction of the unquantifiable. Two parameters, permeability reduction and rate of wellhead pressure rise, were proposed to evaluate the. Damage dealt from an abilitypersistent abilityequipment the foe controls usually has the foe as the source. Formation damage has long been recognized as a source of serious productivity reductions in many oil and gas reservoirs and as a cause of water injectivitv. Experiments were conducted that evaluate the feasibility of using high intensity acoustic sources to remove near wellbore formation damage caused by organic deposits paraffins and asphaltenes and polymers hec.
Spe 60325 formation damage processes reducing productivity of low permeability gas reservoirs d. Producing formation damage has been defined as the impairment of the unseen by the inevitable, causing an unknown reduction in the unquantifiable. It is intended to be a convenient source of information, widely spread over different sources. Mar 29, 2017 prevention of formation damage the effect of particular fluid on specific formation is difficult to evaluate. Mar 30, 2016 18 potential sources of formation damage during history of well formation damage causes, prevention, and remediation o formation damage caused by waterbased muds o formation damage caused by completion workover fluids o damage during perforating and cementing o formation damage resulting from gas breakout o bacterial plugging o drilling. Reduction in water injectivity would be harmful to the waterflood development of offshore sandstone oil reservoirs. Water blocking and reactivity of stimulation fluid with the target coal seams also are common sources of formation damage huang et al. Dna damage plays a major role in mutagenesis, carcinogenesis and ageing. In injection wells, formation damage adversely affects sweep efficiency and recovery factors. He received a phd from virginia polytechnic institute and state university and an ms and bs from the university of southwestern louisiana. Strain is the relative internal change in shape of an infinitesimally small cube of material and can be expressed as a nondimensional change in length or angle of. Formation damage article about formation damage by the. Any formation damage potential is only realized during drilling, completion and production.
Evaluation and prevention of formation damage in offshore. Chloroform 67663 hazard summary chloroform may be released to the air as a result of its formation in the chlorination of drinking water, wastewater and swimming pools. Accumulation of coal fines and rock chips can further contribute to formation damage during hydraulic fracture treatments jones et al. There are a couple of exceptions, and it depends on the wording of the card. Some of the neurons in the medial zone of the rostral medullary reticular formation are so large that this area is referred to as the gigantocellular reticular nucleus. Pdf formation damage is a serious problem in oil and gas industry. Fundamentals and applications bridges the gap between theoretical knowledge and field practice by presenting information on formation damage issues that arise during enhanced oil recovery. These results suggest that the mitochondrial etc is a major source of bactericidal antibioticinduced intracellular ros. Formation damage free download as powerpoint presentation. In addition to the numerous sources identified in separate articles see see also section below, other, less common causes include emulsions and sludges, wettability alteration, bacterial plugging, gas breakout, and water blocks. Pdf formation damage in oil and natural gas reservoirs. Formation damage 2 skin and fd sources usc pte555 summer 2012 steve cheung skin factor skin is a.
In this paper the magnitude of formation damage during water injection was evaluated by analyzing the performance of water injection in the bohai offshore oilfield, china. Hosein et al an experimental investigation of formation damage caused by commonly used water based drilling mud onshore trinidad 4 an experimental investigation of formation damage caused by commonly used waterbased drillingmud onshore trin idad raffie hosein a. Formation damage due to drilling and fracturing fluids and its. Types of formation damage classification of formation damage by process sources of formation damage skin and impact on well productivity formation damage laboratory tests return. Xanthine oxidase as a source of free radical damage in myocardial ischemia. Formation damage is defined as any type of a process which results in a reduction of the flow capacity of an oil, water or gas bearing formation. Ultrasonic removal of organic deposits and polymer induced. Canadian well logging society a free powerpoint ppt presentation displayed as a flash slide show on. The free radicals, both the reactive oxygen species. However, the largest accumulations of it are in two major regions, north america and russia.
Furthermore, we found relatively high levels of nuclear dna damage. Introduction formation damage is a hot topic these dayswith justifiable reason, as more operating companies move to the exploitation of more and more challenging oil and gas reservoirs in tighter, deeper, and more depleted conditions. Damage in producing wells will reduce the oil and gas production rates and may leave some intervals inadequately drained. The winds and the low air pressure also cause a huge mound of ocean water to pile up near the eye of the hurricane, which can cause monster storm surges when all this water reaches land. What are the causes of air pollution pollutant description and main uk sources potential effects on healthenvironment particulate matter pmpm 10 and pm 2. North america region on the spe board of directors and chairman of the spe international symposium and exhibition on formation damage control. Cell injury, adaptation and death mit opencourseware. Formation damage is an undesirable operational and economic problem that may occur during the various phases of oil and gas recovery from petroleum reservoirs. When damage is caused by an abilitypersistent abilityequipment the foe controls, what is the source of that damage. The permeability of porous formations varies as a result of the alteration of the pore. Formation damage includes the existence of a barrier to flow in the nearwellbore region of the reservoir rock, which results in reduced production andor abnormal decline in productivity 2. In a different context, formation damage is defined as the impairment to reservoir reduced production caused by wellbore fluids used during drillingcompletion and workover operations. Formation damage 2 skin and fd sources usc pte555 summer 20 steve cheung skin factor skin is a. Formation damage assessment, control, and remediation.
Formation damage due to fines migration and its remedial methods. Recently, an evaluation of hec stability at elevated temperature was performed in high density brines using commercial sources of hec and common brine compositions. Bactericidal antibiotics induce mitochondrial dysfunction. Properties, sources, targets, and their implication in various diseases. A radionuclide radioactive nuclide, radioisotope or radioactive isotope is an atom that has excess nuclear energy, making it unstable. Apr 03, 2020 air pollution has multiple sources, including natural as well as manmade sources. Control and remediation of formation damage are among the most important issues to be resolved for efficient exploitation of petroleum reservoirs and cost management.
Texas oiltech laboratories in conjunction with our strategic partners is happy to provide our clients with formation damage assessment for the oil and gas exploration and production industry. The society is grateful to those companies that allow their professionals to serve as lecturers. This is a list of all the sources referenced within the document and contains the authors name, source title, date of publication and more information which varies depending on the source type. It is best to you used lease crude oil, other oils, salt water and finally. Formation damage has long been recognized as a source of serious productivity reductions in many oil and gas reservoirs and as a cause of water injectivity problems in many waterflood projects. In thermal power plants the heat energy produced by burning fossil fuels like coal, petroleum or natural gas is used to heat water and change it into steam which rotates the turbines of generators to produce electricity. A complex diagenetic history may also reflect a relatively complex tectonic history, leading to the development of smallscale structures another form of heterogeneity, or to mechanical characteristics which promote other forms of formation damage. Fundamental processes of formation damage in petroleum reservoirs, 458. This page discusses the formation damage that may be associated with various types of drilling fluids. Sources of information sources added for cpt codes 0078t0081t based on a reconsideration request received november 09, 2012. Formation damage by various processes causes permeability impairment. These reactions are triggered by exposure to exogenous chemicals or they can result from metabolic, endogenous processes. A growing recognition of the importance of drillinginduced formation damage has led to the use of drillin fluids fluids used to drill through the pay zone that minimize formation damage. Near wellbore permeability reduction, that is, formation damage, can result from the interaction of the reservoir rock with extraneous drilling, completion, stimulation, or enhanced recovery fluids.
View notes formation damage 2 usc pte555 20 from pte 555 at university of southern california. The course is a discussion of formation damage mechanisms and the methods used for mitigation, including a good overview of matrix treatments, in sandstones and carbonates, and hydraulic fracturing in high permeability reservoirs. In this research, mechanical, chemical, biological causes of formation damage are discussed. Tight gas reservoirs are distributed in many part of the world for example, australia, asia and north america.
Formation damage is a generic terminology referring to the impairment of the permeability of petroleumbearing formations by various adverse processes. Formation damage is a serious problem in oil and gas industry. Drilling emulsion block, wettability change, mud damage, mechanical damage 2. Displacements are the absolute change in position of a point on the object. Reservoir formation damage, third edition, provides the latest information on the economic problems that can occur during various phases of oil and gas recovery from subsurface reservoirs, including production, drilling, hydraulic fracturing, and workover operations. The high prevalence of endogenous dna damage corresponds with highly efficient repair of such damage, necessary for cell survival wood, 1996. Formation damage petroleum reservoir permeability earth. Other sources include pulp and paper mills, hazardous waste sites, and sanitary landfills. View notes formation damage 2 usc pte555 2012 from pte 555 at university of southern california. Understanding the physical attributes that causes formation damage will help minimize it. Early detection of gas well formation damage, water breakthrough and liquid loading by use of surface pressure buildup data authors c.
It causes many problems starting from reduction of the well productivity till the whole failure of the well. Keep reading to learn more about the different types of air pollution, their effects, and possible ways to control them. The trade winds which blow from east to west push the hurricane toward the westtoward the caribbean, the gulf of mexico, or the southeastern coast of the u. Whether formation damage can be prevented, removed economically, or must be accepted as the price for drilling and producing a well will depend upon many factors. From a formation damage standpoint, the best damage prevention rule is to use drilling and completion fluid is much like the formation fluid as possible. Endogenous dna damage occurs at a high frequency compared with exogenous damage jackson and loeb, 2001. Formation damage is an undesirable operational and economic problem that can occur during the various phases of oil and gas recovery. In mla8 format, the reference list is usually titled the workscited list. Prevention of formation damage the effect of particular fluid on specific formation is difficult to evaluate. Formation damage in coalbed methane recovery sciencedirect.
Formation damage refers to the decrease in permeability that can occur in the near wellbore region of a reservoir. Early detection of gas well formation damage, water. The chemical events that lead to dna damage include hydrolysis, exposure to reactive oxygen substances ros and other reactive metabolites. Brant bennion, hycal energy research laboratories ltd.
The first with online study for the maritime industry. Jul 15, 2014 free radicals and other oxidants have gained importance in the field of biology due to their central role in various physiological conditions as well as their implication in a diverse range of diseases. Under typical oil field conditions, the published data indicates hec produces minimum formation damage and provides predictable rheological behavior when properly prepared. This paper presents the results of a systematic laboratory study of this potential damage, previously. The experimental investigation of formation damage due to the induced flocculation of clays within a sandstone pore structure by a high salinity brine, spe 38156 paper, presented at the 1997 spe european formation damage conference, the hague, the netherlands, june 23 1997, pp. How to cite sources in mla citation format mendeley. It is shown that mechanical agitation provided by the acoustic waves effectively resuspends the paraffin and restores the effective permeability of the core to oil to its undamaged. Spe 60325 formation damage processes reducing productivity of. Formation damage exists in carbonate reservoirs but is different from that in clastic reservoirs. Because formation damage can significantly affect the productivity of any well, adequate precautions. A reduction in the permeability of reservoir rock caused by penetration of drilling fluid and treating fluids into the section adjacent to the wellbore explanation of formation damage. A general term to describe the reduction in permeability to the nearwellbore area of a reservoir formation.
Spe international symposium and exhibition on formation. Among the services we provide are included but not exclusive to the following. In engineering, deformation refers to the change in size or shape of an object. Ipcos document id spe174221ms publisher society of petroleum engineers source spe european formation damage conference and exhibition, 0305 june, budapest, hungary date 2015 abstract. The role of oxidants and free radicals in reperfusion injury.
Experimental results indicate that the drilling fluid causes the major damage, and the chosen treating fluid can enhance rock permeability both effectively and. The alternative of perforating, instead of matrix treatment, is also discussed. Oxidation is a normal and necessary process that takes place in your body. The causes, effects and minimization of formation damage.
It is proposed that microscopic failure can cause formation damage in macroscopically. Reservoir formation damage request pdf researchgate. Mixing of formation water with extraneous brine in which the total cation concentration is below a critical salinity value. It is the source of most of the long ascending and descending projections from the reticular formation. Increase in cytosolic calcium, oxidative stress, and lipid breakdown products result in formation of highconductance channels in inner mitochondrial membranes mitochondrial permeability transition that result in loss of proton gradient. Formation damage 2 usc pte555 20 formation damage 2 skin. The causes, effects and minimization of formation damage in. Formation damage issues impacting the productivity of tight gas producing formations brant bennion hycal energy research laboratories ltd. Reservoir rock properties a commercial hydrocarbon reservoir must exhibit two characteristics for commercial development 1. H2ax in normal cells after bactericidal antibiotic treatments, whereas the level of dna damage in. There are many possible causes of formation damage. Spe international symposium and exhibition on formation damage control 2628 february 2014, lafayette, louisiana, usa number of conference papers. If a well is producing at lower rates than expected, the source of the reduction must be determined. Multiple choice quizzes with illustrations for home study and united states coast guard license exam preparation assistance on deck and engineering subjects.
Deflection is the relative change in external displacements on an object. Oxidative stress, on the other hand, occurs when theres an imbalance between free radical activity and antioxidant. Because formation damage can significantly affect the productivity of any well, adequate precautions should be exercised to avoid damage during all phases in. Brent thomas, hycal energy research laboratories ltd.
Feb 01, 2018 damage in producing wells will reduce the oil and gas production rates and may leave some intervals inadequately drained. There are several recognized damage mechanisms, such as the invasion of incompatible fluids swelling the formation clays, or fine solids from dirty fluids plugging the formation matrix. Evaluation of formation damage and assessment of well. The society is grateful to those companies that allow their. This excess energy can be used in one of three ways. Invasion of drilling fluid with suspended particles into porous rock is usually the first source of formation damage ezeakacha et al. Tight gas formation is usually damaged due to its low permeable rocks. A summary of many of the sources of damage is shown in figure 11 below. An overview of formation damage mechanisms causing a.
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